அன்புள்ள உறவுகளே .புதும்மத்தளனில் கூட ரஜரட்ட சிங்கள அரசு இருந்தபோது புத்தமத காலிகள்,இருந்ததாக கதைவிடும் தேர்ரர்கள்(தேரைகள்) என் தமிழில் இருந்த எண்ணிலடங்கா தமிழ் சொற்க்களை கடன் வாங்கினார்கள் கடங்கார கொலைகார பங்காளி (சிங்களன் )
courtesy to www.Nationmaster.com
http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Sinhala-words-of-Tamil-originIntroduction
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The Sinhala language has borrowed a great many loanwords from Tamil during the more than 2000 years of coexistence of the Sinhala and Tamil communities on the island of Ceylon. A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one language from another with little or no translation. ...
Different kinds of loanwords
The words pertaining to the fields of commerce, administration, botany, food and military are the most numerous; this is to be expected because Look up Administration in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Pinguicula grandiflora Botany is the scientific study of plantlife. ...
- new innovations and goods usually reached the Sinhalese via the Tamils whose area of settlement separates them from the rest of South Asia and
- Tamil-speaking Muslims ("Moors") conducted most of the island's foreign trade since the 10th century CE.
However it is important to note that the range of borrowings goes beyond the scope to be expected for a situation where two neighbouring peoples exchange material goods: Firstly, there are many Tamil loanwords pertaining to everyday and social life (kinship terms, body parts, ordinary activities etc.); secondly, not only lexical words (nouns, adjectives and verbs) but also at least one function word (ōnē) has been borrowed. This--along with the deep impact Tamil has had on Sinhala syntax (e.g. the use of a verbal adjective of "to say" as a subordinating conjunction meaning "whether" and "that")--is the result of not only close coexistence but the existence of large numbers of bilinguals and a high degree of mixing, intermarriage, etc. Moorish Ambassador to Queen Elizabeth I of England The Moors were the medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus (the Iberian Peninsula including present day Gibraltar, Spain and Portugal) as well as the Maghreb and western Africa, whose culture is often called Moorish. ... International trade is defined as trade between two or more partners from different countries (an exporter and an importer). ... Noun or noun substantive is a lexical category which is defined in terms of how its members combine with other grammatical kinds of expressions. ... In grammar, an adjective is a part of speech that modifies a noun or a pronoun, usually by describing it or making its meaning more specific. ... It has been suggested that Verbal agreement be merged into this article or section. ... Function words are words that have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning, but instead serve to express grammatical relationships with other words within a sentence, or specify the attitude or mood of the speaker. ... For other uses, see Syntax (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that Non-finite verb be merged into this article or section. ... A subordinating conjunction, also called a dependent word or subordinator, is a word that joins a dependent clause and an independent clause. ... The term bilingualism (from bi meaning two and lingua meaning language) can refer to rather different phenomena. ... Intermarriage normally refers to marriage between people belonging to different religions, tribes, nationalities or ethnic backgrounds. ...
The borrowing process
Tamil loanwords in Sinhala can appear in the same form as the original word (e.g. akkā), but this is quite rare. Usually, a word has undergone some kind of modification to fit into the Sinhala phonological (e.g. paḻi becomes paḷi(ya) because the sound of /ḻ/, IPA: [ɻ], does not exist in the Sinhala phoneme inventory) or morphological system (e.g. ilakkam becomes ilakkama because Sinhala inanimate nouns (see grammatical gender) need to end with /a/, IPA: [ə], in order to be declineable). Not to be confused with the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabetâ€�. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... For other uses, see Morphology. ... In linguistics, grammatical gender is a morphological category associated with the expression of gender through inflection or agreement. ... Not to be confused with the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabetâ€�. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... In linguistics, declension is the inflection of nouns, pronouns and adjectives to indicate such features as number (typically singular vs. ...
These are the main ways Tamil words are incorporated into the Sinhala lexicon with different endings:
- With an /a/ added to Tamil words ending in /m/ and other consonants (e.g. pālam > pālama).
- With a /ya/ or /va/ added to words ending in vowels (e.g. araḷi > araliya).
- With the Tamil ending /ai/ represented as /ē/, commonly spelt /aya/.
- With the animate ending /yā/ added to Tamil words signifying living beings or /yā/ replacing the Tamil endings /aṉ/, /ar/, etc. (e.g. caṇṭiyar > caṇḍiyā).
It can be observed that the Tamil phonemes /ḷ/ and /ḻ/ do not coherently appear as /ḷ/ in Sinhala but sometimes as /l/ as well. This is due to the fact that in Sinhala pronunciation there is no distinction between /ḷ/ and /l/; the letter /ḷ/ is merely maintained as an etymological spelling. In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. ... Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Look up pronunciation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Etymology is the study of the origins of words. ... Proper spelling is the writing of a word or words with all necessary letters and diacritics present in an accepted, conventional order. ...
Time of borrowing
In many cases, the appearance of a loanword in a language indicates whether the borrowing is old or more recent: The more a word deviates from the "original" one, the longer it must have been a part of the respective lexicon, because while being used, a word can undergo changes (sometimes regular sound changes along with the native words). The inversion of this argument is not possible since loanwords already matching the linguistic requirements of the target language may remain unchanged. Thus, the word täpäl (Tamil tapāl) gives away its old age because the respective umlaut processes took place before the 8th century CE; iḍama (Tamil iṭam) however needn't be a recent borrowing, because no sound changes that could have affected this word have taken place in Sinhala since at least the 13th century CE. In linguistics, apophony (also ablaut, gradation, alternation, internal modification, stem modification, stem alternation, replacive morphology, stem mutation, internal inflection) is the alternation of sounds within a word that indicates grammatical information (often inflectional). ...
Tamil spelling
In the following list, Tamil words are romanized in accordance with Tamil spelling. This results in seeming discrepancies in voicing between Sinhala words and their Tamil counterparts. Sinhala borrowing however has taken place on the basis of the sound of the Tamil words; thus, the word ampalam, IPA: [ambalam], logically results in the Sinhala spelling ambalama, and so forth. Phoneticians define phonation as use of the laryngeal system to generate an audible source of acoustic energy, i. ... Not to be confused with the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet�. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ...
List of words
 | Please help improve this article by expanding this section. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. Please remove this message once the section has been expanded. This article has been tagged since January 2007. |
Note: For information on the transcription used, see National Library at Calcutta romanization and Tamil script. Exceptions from the standard are the romanization of Sinhala long "ä" ([æː]) as "ää", and the non-marking of prenasalized stops. The National Library at Calcutta romanization is the most widely used in dictionaries and grammars of Indic languages. ... In linguistics, romanization (or Latinization, also spelled romanisation or Latinisation) is the representation of a word or language with the Roman (Latin) alphabet, or a system for doing so, where the original word or language uses a different writing system. ... Prenasalized stops are phonetic sequences of nasal plus plosive that behave phonologically like single consonant. ...
| Sinhala | Meaning | Tamil | Meaning | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ādāyama | Income | ātāyam | Profit | Trade |
| akkā | Elder sister | akkā | Elder sister | Kinship |
| ambalama | Way-side rest | ampalam | Public place | Daily |
| ämbäṭṭayā | Barber | ampaṭṭaṉ | Barber | Trade |
| āṃgāṇiya | Stall (in a market) | aṅkāṭi | Market | Trade |
| āṇḍuva | Government | āṇṭāṉ | Rich man with many slaves | Administration |
| appā | Father (regional/colloquial) | appā | Father | Kinship |
| āppa | Hoppers | āppam | Hoppers | Food |
| araliya | Oleander | araḷi | Oleander | Botany |
| avariya | Indigo plant | avuri | Indigo plant | Botany |
| ayyā | Elder brother | aiyā (see also Ayya) | Sir, father | Kinship |
| caṇḍiyā | Bandit, rowdy | caṇṭiyar | Bandit | Daily |
| cīttaya | Chintz | cīttai | Chintz | Trade |
| ediriya | Opposition, hostility | etiri | Opponent, enemy | Military |
| galkaṇḍuva | Sugar-candy | kaṟkaṇṭu | Sugar-candy | Food |
| iccāva | Flattery | iccakam | Flattery | Daily |
| iḍama | Site, land | iṭam | Place, site | Construction |
| īḷa | Asthma | īḷai | Asthma | Daily |
| ilakkaya | Target | ilakku | Target | Military |
| ilakkama | Number | ilakkam | Number | Trade |
| iḷandāriyā | Young man | iḷantāri | Young man | Daily |
| iḷavuva | Death, funeral | iḻavu | Death | Daily |
| iranavā | To saw, to tear | iṟu- | To break, to destroy | Trade |
| iraṭṭa | Double, even number | iraṭṭai | Double, even number | Trade |
| jāḍiya | Jar | cāṭi | Jar | Daily |
| jōḍuva | Pair | jōṭi/cōṭi | Pair | Daily |
| kaḍadāsiya | Paper | kaṭutāsi | Letter, paper | Daily |
| kaḍalē | Chickpea | kaṭalai (paruppu) | Chickpea | Food |
| kaḍasarakkuva | Spice, curry stuffs | kaṭai + sarakku | Shop + Goods | Trade |
| kaḍaya | Shop | kaṭai | Shop | Trade |
| kaḍinama | Haste | kaṭiṉam | Difficulty | Daily |
| kaḍiyāḷama | Bridle | kaṭivāḷam | Bridle | Military |
| kaṃkāṇiyā | Overseer | kaṅkāṇi | Foreman | Administration |
| kalanda | A small measure of weight | kaḻañcu | Weight of 1.77 grams | Trade |
| kalavama | Mixture, blend | kalavai | Mixture | Daily |
| kālaya | Quarter | kāl | Quarter | Trade |
| kaḷudäävā | Donkey | kaḻutai | Donkey | Daily |
| kambiya | Wire | kampi | Wire | Trade |
| kāndama | Magnet | kāntam | Magnet | Trade |
| kaṇisama | Size | kaṇisam | Size, amount | Daily |
| kaṇṇāḍiya | Mirror, spectacles | kaṇṇāṭi | Mirror, spectacles | Daily |
| kappama | Tribute | kappam | Tribute | Military |
| kappara | Small ship | kappal | Ship | Trade |
| kappi | Grit, bruised grain | kappi | Coarse grits in flour | Daily |
| kāppuva | Bracelet | kāppu | Bangle | Daily |
| kärapottā | Cockroach | karappottāṉ | Cockroach (SL) | Daily |
| karavaḷa | Dried fish | karuvāṭu | Dried fish | Food |
| kāsiya | Coin | kācu | Small change, coin | Trade |
| kasippu | Illicit liquor | kacippu | Illicit liqour | Trade |
| kaṭṭumarama | Catamaran | kaṭṭumaram | Catamaran | Trade |
| kayiyeliya | Cloth with coloured border | kayili | Multicoloured cloth worn by Muslims | Daily |
| keṇḍa | Calf | keṇṭai(kkāl) | Calf | Daily |
| keṇḍiya | Pitcher | keṇṭi | Pitcher | Daily |
| kiṭṭu | Close, near | kiṭṭa | Close, near | Daily |
| koḍiya | Flag | koṭi | Flag | Administration |
| kollaya | Plunder, pillage | koḷḷai | Plunder | Military |
| kombuva | Name of the sign ෙ | kompu (lakaram) | Name of the sign ள | Daily |
| kōn | Part of a name | kōṉ(ar) | Name pertaining to members of the Iṭaiyar caste ("shepherd, king") | Personal name |
| kōṇama | A loin cloth for men | kōvaṇam | A loin cloth for men | Daily |
| koṇḍaya | Plait/bun of hair | koṇṭai | Bun/plait of hair | Daily |
| koṭṭamalli | Coriander | koṭṭamalli | Coriander | Botany |
| koṭṭaya | Pillow | koṭṭai | Nut, round shape, pillow | Daily |
| kōvila | Hindu temple | kōyil | Temple | Daily |
| kuḍē | Umbrella | kuṭai | Umbrella | Daily |
| kūḍē | Basket | kūṭai | Basket | Daily |
| kūḍuva | Nest, cage | kūṭu | Nest, small box | Daily |
| kulala/kuḷala | Pipe | kuḻal | Tube, musical pipe | Daily |
| kulappuva | Confusion | kuḻappu- | to confuse | Military |
| kurumbā | Young coconut | kurumpai | Young coconut | Food |
| kuliya | Rent | kūli | Rent, pay | Administration |
| malaya | Hill country | malai | Hill | Place name |
| māmā | Maternal uncle | māmā | Maternal uncle | Kinship |
| marakkalaya | Boat, Sampan | marakkalam | (Sailing) Boat | Fishing |
| massinā | Brother-in-law | massiṉaṉ | Brother-in-law | Kinship |
| mōḍa | Foolish, ignorant | mōṭi | Stupidity | Daily |
| mudala | Money | mutal | Capital | Trade |
| mudalāli | Merchant, owner of a shop | mutalāḷi | Merchant | Trade |
| mudali | Part of a name | mutaliyār | Name of a caste | Personal name |
| muruṃgā | "Drumsticks", the edible roots of the horse-radish tree (Moringa pterygosperma) | muruṅkai | Horse-radish tree | Food |
| nāḍagama | Stage-play | nāṭakam | Drama, stage-play | Culture |
| naṃgī | Younger sister | naṅkai | Young girl | Kinship |
| ōna, ōnē | Necessary, must | vēṇum | Necessary, must | Daily |
| oppuva | Proof | oppu | Same | Administration |
| ottē | Odd number | oṟṟai | Odd number | Trade |
| ottuva | Espionage | oṟṟu | Espionage | Administration |
| padakkama | Medal | patakkam | Medal | Administration |
| pāḍama | Lesson | pāṭam | Lesson | Culture |
| paḍiya | Wage | paṭi | Extra pay | Administration |
| pālama | Bridge | pālam | Bridge | Construction |
| paḷiya | Revenge | paḻi | Guilt, revenge | Military |
| pandalama | Bower, shady place | pantal | Bower, shady place | Daily |
| pandama | Torch | pantam | Torch | Religious |
| parippu | Lentils | parippu | Lentils | Food |
| pattu karanavā | To light, to set on fire | paṟṟu- | To catch fire | Daily |
| pēru väṭenavā | To fall to someone by chance | pēṟu | Luck | Place name |
| piṭṭu | A rice dish | piṭṭu | A rice dish | Food |
| poraya | Fight | pōr | Fight | Military |
| poronduva | Agreement, promise | poruntu- | To fit, to agree | Daily |
| porottuva | Delay, waiting | poṟuttu | Having waited | Daily |
| pullē | Part of a name | Pillai | Part of a name (originally a Hindu title) | Personal name |
| salli | Money | salli | Coin | Trade |
| saṇḍuva | Fight | saṇṭai | Fight | Military |
| sereppuva | Sandals | seruppu | Sandals | Daily |
| sotti | Crippled, deformed | cottai | Emaciated person, defect | Daily |
| suruṭṭuva | Cigar | curuṭṭu | Cigar | Daily |
| takkāli | Tomato | takkāḷi | Tomato | Food |
| tallu karanavā | To push | taḷḷu- | To push | Daily |
| tambiyā | Moor, muslim | tampi | Younger brother | Daily |
| tani | Alone | taṉi | Alone | Daily |
| täpäl | Postal | tapāl | Postal, mail | Administration |
| tarama | Size, position, quantity | taram | Proportion, sort | Trade |
| taṭṭa | Bald | taṭṭai | Baldness | Daily |
| tāttā | Father | tāttā | Grandfather | Kinship |
| taṭṭu karanavā | To knock | taṭṭu- | To knock | Daily |
| uḍäkkiya | A narrow drum | uṭukkai | A narrow drum | Daily |
| udavva | Help | uṭavi | Help | Daily |
| ulukkuva | Sprain (of a joint) | cuḷukku | To sprain (a joint) | Daily |
| ūḷiyama | Tax payable by foreigners | ūḻiyam | Service | Administration |
| urumaya | Inheritance, ownership | urimai | Ownership, right | Administration |
| veḍi tiyanavā | To shoot, to fire | veṭi | Shot, dynamite | Military |
| veri | Drunk | veṟi | Drunkness, madness | Daily |
In Sri Lankan cuisine a hopper is a food, used most frequently for breakfast. ... Appam is a dish made from rice powder. ... Binomial name Nerium oleander L. Oleander (Nerium oleander), is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the dogbane family Apocynaceae. ... Indigo (or spectral indigo) is the color on the spectrum between 440 and 420 nanometres in wavelength, placing it between blue and violet. ... Ayya Vaikundar was the Manu avathar (to born as a human being) of Lord Narayana according to Akilattirattu Ammanai the holy script of Ayyavazhi religion. ... Chintz is calico cloth printed with flowers and other devices in different colours, originally from India. ... Binomial name Cicer arietinum L. Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Binomial name Coriandrum sativum L. Percentages are relative to US RDI values for adults. ... A sampan carrying passengers to the outlying islands off the Sai Kung Peninsula in Hong Kong Sampan on the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang), China A sampan (舢舨) is a relatively flat bottomed Chinese wooden boat from twelve to fifteen feet long. ... Species Moringa arborea Moringa borziana Moringa concanensis Moringa drouhardii Moringa hilldebrandtii Moringa longituba Moringa oleifera Moringa ovalifolia Moringa peregrina Moringa pygmaea Moringa rivae Moringa ruspoliana Moringa stenopetala Moringa is the only genus in the family Moringaceae. ... Binomial name Lens culinaris Medikus Red lentils Lentils (Lens culinaris, Fabaceae) are lens-shaped pulses that grow on an annual, bushlike plant. ... In Kerala, Puttu is a culinary cooked with steam. ... Pillai, Pillay, Pulle or Pilli is a popular title of Tamil and Malayalam speaking people of India and others living in Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa, Fiji (See Tamil diaspora and Sri Lankan Tamils) Though it started as a Hindu title, today Pillais are found amongst Muslims and Christians... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ... Binomial name Solanum lycopersicum L. Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ...
References
- Geiger, Wilhelm: Linguistic Character of Sinhalese, in: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (Ceylon), Vol. XXXIV
- Gunasekara, A.M.: A Comprehensive Grammar of the Sinhalese Language, Colombo 1891 (reprint New Delhi 1986), ISBN 81-206-0106-8 (§234: Naturalised and derived words from Tamil)
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